Evans, signed by Tommy Wright during his spell as caretaker manager towards the end of September, was due to remain at the Proact Stadium until January.
The 19-year-old made five appearances, two of them starts, in all competitions during his time at the League Two club.
Spireites boss Paul Cook said: "I'd like to thank Micah for coming to the club and getting some first-team experience.
"Due to the lack of opportunities, we feel it's beneficial for the lad's career for him to go back to Blackburn."
