The Chelsea defender was informed of the decision by Football Association chairman David Bernstein in a phonecall at 10am on Friday morning.
It comes after Bernstein contacted all the other members of the 14-strong board on Thursday to seek their views following the announcement that Terry's court case will not take place until July 9 - after Euro 2012.
The FA said in a statement: "Following the decision to adjourn the court case against John Terry to July, the Football Association confirm he will not captain the England team until the allegations against him are resolved.
The FA Board expected the trial to be concluded prior to the European Championship. Further to Wednesday's confirmation that the trial will not take place until after the tournament, the Board has discussed the matter in detail and has collectively decided it is in the interests of all parties that John has the responsibilities of captaincy removed at this time.
"This decision has been taken due to the higher profile nature of the England captaincy, on and off the pitch, and the additional demands and requirements expected of the captain leading into and during a tournament.
"The FA Board can confirm that he has not been excluded from the squad and that Fabio Capello is free to select him for the Holland fixture on 29 February and the European Championship.
"FA Chairman David Bernstein has spoken to both John Terry and Fabio Capello to explain the facts to them. Fabio Capello has not been involved in the FA Board discussions which reached this conclusion, but understands that the FA Board has authority to make this decision.
"Fabio Capello will take the decision as to who will be made captain moving forward.
"This decision in no way infers any suggestion of guilt in relation to the charge made against John Terry. The FA will be not be making any further comment on this matter."
Terry denies racially abusing Anton Ferdinand in a match against QPR last year.
A spokesman for the player declined to comment on Friday morning.
It is the second time the Chelsea captain has been stripped of the England armband having also lost it two years ago after allegations surrounding his private life came to light.
A majority of board members believed Terry should not be the England figurehead with such a serious charge hanging over him, especially given the possible scenario of England making a complaint about racist abuse from the crowd when playing matches in Ukraine this summer.
It would have been difficult for the FA to take the moral high ground if England's captain is himself facing a criminal charge for racism.
Terry's barrister on Wednesday entered a formal not guilty plea at Westminster Magistrates' Court.
Capello had wanted to make the decisions over the captain and had stuck by his belief that Terry should be regarded as innocent until proven guilty but the FA board decided they had to act.
Chelsea manager Andre Villas-Boas later confirmed that he has no intention of removing Terry as Chelsea skipper.
He said: "It was the FA's decision. I don't agree with it. John will continue as Chelsea captain.
"I don't agree with it. The statement from the FA was pretty clear on what was their decision-making.
"John will continue to be our captain. It (the trial) doesn't compromise on my decision-making.
"It obviously compromises on the FA's decision-making."
Villas-Boas confirmed that Terry would miss Sunday's clash with Manchester United with a knee problem and "probably" the Everton match next Saturday.
Sports minister Hugh Robertson backed the FA's decision saying it would have been "impossible" for Terry to continue.
Robertson said: "I completely support the FA's decision. It would have been impossible for John Terry to have continued as captain with this charge over his head."
Newcastle manager Alan Pardew felt the timing of the trial made it impossible for Terry to remain as captain.
"I think the court case should have come sooner and get it out of the way," he said.
"Putting it behind the European Championships or later in the calendar has not helped anybody. I think it needed to be done and dealt with, so I was surprised with that decision.
"But I suppose with what's hanging over him, he can't really be the England captain, as well as he has carried that title in many great games for England."
Stoke manager Tony Pulis believes the FA made the wrong decision regarding Terry and the captaincy.
"We wouldn't treat anyone differently in this football club until they were proven guilty," he said.
"Certain people are saying things, but let's wait until people make the decision and then draw a conclusion from there.
"That is what this country has been famous for and admired for - you have to be proven guilty first."
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